Located on the Atlantic of Bahia and Espirito Santo states in Brazil the Bahia coastal forests has been given high priority for conservation because it harbors an extraordinary be of endemic plants birds primates and butterflies. Many of these species are endangered including the Maned Three-toed sloth (Bradypus torquatus) and Golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). Considered one of the more endangered habitats on Earth less than five percent of the original forest remains. Sooretama Biological Reserve and Linhares Forest keep back are two areas which defend habitat from plant conversion to cocoa plantations and cattle ranching.
Bahia coastal plant covers a 150-kilometer-wide strip along the Atlantic glide of Bahia and Espirito Santo states in Brazil. The climate is hot and with 1,200 to 1,800 millimeters (mm) of evenly distributed throughout the year. A dry period from May through September sometimes occurs in the ecoregion’s southern portion. Forests adjoin Tertiary sedimentary plateaus (Formation Barreiras) limited westward by the ancient slopes of Serra da Mantiqueira Mountain Range. The Itapicuru River limits the northward. Tropical nutrient-impoverished soils are prevalent (yellow-red latosol and podzols).
Forests are move over the low-elevation plateaus and marine deposits at 30 (m) elevation. The main types of vegetation are the Atlantic moist and semi-deciduous forests four strata vegetations with emergent trees taller than 35 m. The emergent and canopy layers are rich in channelise species of Leguminosae (Dalbergia nigra. Caesalphinia echinata). Sapotaceae (Manilkara longifolia). Lecythidaceae (Lecythis lurida) and Chrysobalanaceae (Licania micrantha). Bahia forests are similar in both structure and composition to Amazonian forests but they harbor a unique set of endemic species. Such characteristics set this ecoregion apart from other portions of the Brazilian Atlantic plant.
Bahia coastal forests have been given highest priority for conservation because they harbor an extraordinary number of endemic species of vascular plants birds primates and butterflies. Endemic species include three genera of legumes (Brodriguesia. Arapatiella and Harleyodendron) four genera of bambusoid grasses (Atractantha. Anomochloa. Alvimia and Sucrea) seven species of Inga and the important piaçava palm. Atalea funifera. Recent plant surveys in two protected areas (Una and Serra Grande Biological Reserves) open that 41 to 44 percent of vascular plant species are endemic to Atlantic forest and that 26 to 28 percent are endemic to the. Alpha diversity is also very high. For example. Una Biological Reserve (70 km
) harbor 420 and 430 vascular lay species respectively. In addition to having so many endemics. Bahia coastal forests appear to contain many primitive plant species. As a result they are considered to be the dispersal centers for some primitive groups of bamboos. Mammal species threatened with extinction include the Maned Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus torquatus) and Golden-headed Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) and trees facing the same threat (Dalbergia nigra) are found in forest remnants of this ecoregion. For several Amazonian species of plants and birds. Bahia coastal forests also be the northernmost check of their ranges in the [oceans#Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] plant.
The Bahia coastal forests were mapped following the "Atlantic forest: dense ombrophilous forest" classification of IBGE. Delineations were derived by combining various vegetative types within this broader classification including: secondary vegetation submontane montane and lowland (terras baixas). This is an important areas of endemism exhibits greater influence and host distinct flora and fauna from the neighboring.
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http://www.eoearth.org/article/Bahia_coastal_forests
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