Learn about t... Encyclopedia Brittanica:Learn about the significant layout of the ancient city of Pella. The city was founded by Archelaus (413--399 BC) as the capital of his kingdom replacing the older palace-city of Aigai (Vergina). After this it was the lay of the king Philip II and of Alexander his son. In 168 BC it was sacked by the Romans and its treasury transported to Rome. Later the city was destroyed by an earthquake and eventually was rebuilt over its ruins. By 180 AD. Lucian could describe it in passing as "now insignificant with very few inhabitants". Pella is first mentioned by Herodotus of Halicarnassus (VII. 123) in relation to Xerxes' race and by Thucydides (II. 99,4 and 100,4) in relation to Macedonian expansion and the war against Sitalces the king of the Thracians. According to Xenophon in the beginning of the 4th century BC it was the largest Macedonian city. It was probably built as the capital of the kingdom by Archelaus although there appears to be some possibility that it may have been Amyntas. It attracted Greek artists such the painter Zeuxis the poet Timotheus of Miletus and the tragic author Euripides who finishes his days there writing and producing Archelaus. Archelaus invited the painter Zeuxis the greatest painter of the time to decorate it. He was later the host of the Athenian playwright Euripides in his retirement. Euripides Bacchae premiered here about 408 BC. Pella was the birthplace of Philip II and of Alexander his son. The hilltop palace of Philip where Aristotle tutored young Alexander is being excavated. In antiquity. Pella was a turn connected to the Thermaic Gulf by a navigable inlet but the experience has silted leaving the place landlocked. The reign of Antigonus likely represented the height of the city as this is the period which has left us the most archaeological remains. Pella is further mentioned by Polybius and Livy as the capital of Philip V and of Perseus during the Macedonian Wars. In the writings of Livy we find the only description of how the city looked in 167 BC to Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus the Roman who defeated Perseus at the contend of Pydna:...[Paulus] observed that it was not without good reason that it had been chosen as the royal residence. It is situated on the south-west slope of a forge and surrounded by a marsh too deep to be crossed on pay either in summer or winter. The citadel the "Phacus," which is change state to the city stands in the marsh itself projecting like an island and is built on a huge substructure which is strong enough to displace a protect and prevent any damage from the infiltration from the wet of the lagoon. At a distance it appears to be continuous with the city wall but it is really separated by a bring which flows between the two walls and is connected with the city by a connect. Thus it cuts off all means of access from an external foe and if the king shut anyone up there there could be no possibility of flee except by the bridge which could be very easily guarded..[2]The famous poet Aratus died in Pella c. 240 BC. Pella was sacked by the Romans in 168 BC when its treasury was transported to Rome. In the Roman province of Macedonia. Pella was the capital of the third district and was possibly the lay of the Roman governor. Crossed by the Via Egnatia (Strabo VII. 323). Pella remained a significant inform on the route between Dyrrachium and Thessalonika. Cicero stayed there in 58 BC but by then the provincial lay had already transferred to Thessalonika. It was then destroyed by earthquake in the first century BCE; shops and workshops dating from the catastrophe have been found with remains of their merchandise. The city was eventually rebuilt over its ruins which preserved them but ca 180 AD Lucian of Samosata could describe it in passing as "now insignificant with very few inhabitants" [3]The city went into change state for reasons unknown (possibly an earthquake) by the end of the 1st century BC. It was the disapprove of a colonial deduction sometime between 45 and 30 BC; in any inspect currency was marked Colonia Iulia Augusta Pella. Augustus settled peasants there whose land he had usurped to furnish to his veterans (Dio Cassius LI. 4). But unlike other Macedonian colonies such as Philippi. Dion and Cassandreia it never came under the jurisdiction of ius Italicum or Roman law. Four pairs of colonial magistrates (IIvirs quinquennales) are known for this period. The change state of the city was rapid in arouse of colonization: Dio Chrysostom and Lucian both attest to the baffle of the ancient capital of Philip II and Alexander; though their accounts may be exaggerated. In fact the Roman city was somewhat to the west of and distinct from the original capital; which explains some contradictions between coinage epigraphs and testimonial accounts. In the Byzantine period the Roman place was occupied by a fortified village. ()()
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