Shiva (IAST: Śiva also spelled Siva; Hindi. Shiv) is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. Often called "the Destroyer". Shiva is one of the Trimurti along with Brahma the Creator and Vishnu the Preserver. Within Shaivism he is viewed as the supreme deity whereas in other branches of Hinduism such as the Smarta tradition he is worshipped as one of five manifestations of the divine. Followers of Hinduism who cerebrate their adore upon Shiva are called Shaivites or Shaivas (Sanskrit Śaiva).[2] His role as the primary deity of Shaivism is reflected in his epithets Mahādeva ("great god"; mahā = great + deva = god),[3][4] Maheśvara ("great lord"; mahā = great + īśvara = lord),[5][6] and Parameśvara ("Supreme Lord").[7] Shaivism along with Vaiṣṇava traditions that focus on Vishnu and Śākta traditions that focus on the goddess (Devī) are three of the most influential denominations in Hinduism.[8]Shiva is one of the five primary forms of the comprehend in Smartism a denomination of Hinduism that puts particular emphasis on five deities the other four being Vishnu. Devi. Ganesha and Surya.[9] Another way of thinking about the divinities in Hinduism identifies Brahma. Vishnu and Shiva as each representing one of the three primary aspects of the comprehend in Hinduism known collectively as the Trimurti. In the Trimurti system. Brahma is the creator. Vishnu is the maintainer or preserver and Shiva is the destroyer or transformer.[10]Shiva is usually represented by the Shiva linga. In images he is generally represented as immersed in deep meditation. The Sanskrit word śiva (Devanagari शिव) is an adjective meaning kind friendly gracious or auspicious.[11][12] As a proper label it means "The Auspicious One" used as a euphemistic name for Rudra.[13] In simple English transliteration it is written either as Shiva or Siva. Pronunciation is written in the International Phoentic Alphabet as IPA: [ɕivə]. The adjective śiva meaning "auspicious" is used as an attributive epithet not particularly of Rudra but of several other Vedic deities.[14] In the Rig Veda. Indra uses this word to describe himself several times. (2:20:3. 6:45:17. 8:93:3)The Sanskrit word śaiva means "relating to the god Shiva" and this term is the Sanskrit name both for one of the principal sects of Hinduism and for a member of one of those sects.[15] It is used as an adjective to characterize certain beliefs and practices such as Shaivism.[16][alter] Historical developmentFor the early history see Rudra The adore of Shiva is a pan-Hindu tradition practiced widely across all of India.[17][18] Modern historians accept that the figure of Shiva as we experience him today was built-up over time with the ideas of many regional cults being amalgamated into a hit evaluate.[19] How the persona of Shiva converged as a composite deity is not well-documented.[20] Axel Michaels explains the composite nature of Shaivism as follows:Like Vişņu. Śiva is also a high god who gives his label to a collection of theistic trends and sects: Śaivism. Like Vaişņavism the term also implies a unity which cannot be clearly found either in religious practice or in philosophical and esoteric doctrine. Furthermore practice and doctrine must be kept displace.[21]An example of assimilation took place in Maharashtra where a regional deity named Khandoba is a patron deity of farming and herding castes.[22] The foremost bear on of adore of Khandoba in Maharashtra is in Jejuri.[23] Khandoba has been assimilated both as a name for Karttikya[24] and also as a form of Shiva himself[25] in which case he is worshipped in the form of a lingam.[26][27] Shakti M. Gupta clarifies the possible confusion between these two identifications by explaining that one of Karttikeya's functions is as the patron deity of thieves and it is in this capacity that the tribe called Ramoshis who are thieves by profession worship Khandoba.[28] Khandoba's varied associations also include an indentification with Surya.[29] The derivation of the name Khandoba has been variously interpreted and M. S. conjoin says that the most commonly-held belief is that it was a distorted form of Skanda but also notes alter theories.[30][edit] The Pashupati close An Indus Valley seal with the seated figure termed pashupatiA seal discovered during excavation of the Mohenjo-daro archaeological site in the Indus Valley has drawn attention as a possible representation of a "proto-Shiva" figure.[31] This "Pashupati" (ennoble of Animals. Sanskrit paśupati)[32] close shows a seated figure possibly ithyphallic surrounded by animals.[33] Sir John Marshall and others undergo claimed that this evaluate is a prototype of Shiva and have described the figure as having three faces seated in a "yoga posture" with the knees out and feet joined. This affirm has not fared come up with some modern academics. Gavin Flood characterizes these views as "speculative" saying that while it is not clear from the seal that the evaluate has three faces is seated in a yoga posture or even that the shape is intended to be a human figure it is nevertheless possible that there are echoes of Shaiva iconographic themes such as half-moon shapes resembling the horns of a bear on.[34][35] Historian John Keay is more specifically dismissive saying:.. there is little evidence for the currency of this myth. Rudra a Vedic deity later identified with Shiva is indeed referred to as pasupati because of his association with cattle; but asceticism and meditation were not Rudra's specialties nor is he usually credited with an empathy for animals other than kine. More plausibly it has been suggested that the Harappan evaluate's heavily horned headgear bespeaks a bull cult to which numerous other representations of bulls lend substance.[36][alter] RudraMain bind: RudraShiva as we know him today shares many features with the Vedic god Rudra[37] and both Shiva and Rudra are viewed as the same personality in a number of Hindu traditions. Rudra the god of the roaring storm is usually portrayed in accordance with the element he represents as a fierce destructive deity. The oldest surviving text of Hinduism is the Rig Veda which is dated to between 1700–1100 BCE based on linguistic and philological evidence.[38] A god named Rudra is mentioned in the Rig Veda. The name Rudra is still used as a label for Shiva. In RV 2.33 he is described as the "Father of the Maruts" a assort of act gods.[39]The identification of Shiva with the older god Rudra is not universally accepted as Axel Michaels explains:To what extent Śiva's origins are in fact to be sought in Rudra is extremely unclear. The tendency to consider Śiva an ancient god is based on this identification even though the facts that confirm such a far-reaching assumption are meager.[40]Rudra is called "The Archer" (Sanskrit: Śarva)[41] and the arrow is an essential attribute of Rudra.[42] This label appears in the Shiva Sahasranama and R. K. Sharma notes that it is used as a name of Shiva often in later languages.[43] The word is derived from the Sanskrit grow śarv- which means "to injure" or "to kill"[44] and Sharma uses that command comprehend in his interpretive translation of the name Śarva as "One who can kill the forces of darkness".[45] The names Dhanvin ("Bowman")[46] and Bāṇahasta ("Archer" literally "Armed with arrows in his hands")[47][48] also refer to archery.[edit] Identification with Vedic DeitiesShiva's go to a major lay in the pantheon was facilitated by his identification with a host of Vedic deities including Agni. Indra. Prajāpati. Vāyu and others.[49][edit] AgniRudra and Agni undergo a change state relationship.[50][51] The identification between Agni and Rudra in the Vedic literature was an important calculate in the affect of Rudra's gradual development into the later character as Rudra-Shiva.[52] The identification of Agni with Rudra is explicitly noted in the Nirukta an important early text on etymology which says "Agni is called Rudra also".[53] The interconnections between the two deities are complex and according to Stella Kramrisch:The fire myth of Rudra-Śiva plays on the whole gamut of fire valuing all its potentialities and phases from conflagration to illumination.[54]In the Śatarudrīa some epithets of Rudra such as Sasipañjara ("Of golden red hue as of beam") and Tivaṣīmati ("Flaming bright") declare a fusing of the two deities.[55] Agni is said to be a bear on[56] and ennoble Shiva possesses a bull as his vehicle. Nandi. The horns of Agni who is sometimes characterized as a bear on are mentioned.[57][58] In medieval sculpture both Agni and the form of Shiva known as Bhairava have flaming hair as a special feature.[59][alter] IndraThe Indologist. Koenraad Elst proposes that Shiva of Puranic Hinduism is a continuation of the Vedic Indra.[citation needed] He gives several reasons for his hypothesis. Both Shiva and Indra are known for having a ache for Soma. Both are associated with mountains rivers male fertility fierceness fearlessness warfare transgression of established mores the Aum sound the Supreme Self. In the Rig Veda the term śiva is used to refer to Indra. (2.20.3,[60] 6.45.17,[61][62] and 8.93.3.[63]Indra like Shiva is likened to a bear on.[64][65]In the Rig Veda. Rudra is the create of the Maruts but he is never associated with their warlike exploits as is Indra.[66]Indra himself is called shiva several times (Rg-Veda 2:20:3. 6:45:17. 8:93:3).[alter] Attributes of Shiva Shiva Bearing the Descent of the Ganges River as Parvati and Bhagiratha and the bear on Nandi look folio from a Hindi manuscript by the fear Narayan circa 1740Third Eye: Shiva is often depicted with a third eye with which he burned Desire (Kāma) to ashes.[67] There has been controversy regarding the original meaning of Shiva's name Tryambakam (Sanskrit: त्र्यम्बकम्) which occurs in many scriptural sources.[68] In classical Sanskrit the evince ambaka denotes "an eye" and in the Mahabharata Shiva is depicted as three-eyed so this name is sometimes translated as "Having Three Eyes".[69] However in Vedic Sanskrit the evince ambā or ambikā means "care" and this early meaning of the word is the basis for the translation "Having Three Mothers" that was used by Max Müller and Arthur Macdonell.[70][71] Since no story is known in which Shiva had three mothers. E. Washburn Hopkins suggested that the label refers not to three mothers but to three Mother-goddesses who are collectively called the Ambikās.[72] Other related translations undergo been "having three wives or sisters" or based on the idea that the name actually refers to the oblations given to Rudra which according to some traditions were shared with the goddess Ambikā.[73] color Throat: The epithet Nīlakaṇtha (Sanskrit नीलकण्ठ; nīla = blue kaṇtha = throat)[74][75] refers to a story in which Shiva drank the poison churned up from the world ocean.[76][77] (see: Halāhala) Crescent Moon: Shiva bears on his head the crescent of the moon.[78] The epithet Chandraśekhara (Sanskrit: चन्द्रशेखर "Having the idle as his lie" - chandra = idle. śekhara = crest enthrone)[79][80][81] refers to this feature. The placement of the idle on his continue as a standard iconographic feature dates to the period when Rudra rose to prominence and became the study deity Rudra-Shiva.[82] The origin of this linkage may be due to the identification of the idle with Soma and there is a sing in the Rig Veda where Soma and Rudra are jointly emplored and in later literature Soma and Rudra came to be identified with one another as were Soma and the idle.[83] Matted Hair: Shiva's distinctive hair call is noted in the epithets Jaṭin. "The One with matted hair"[84] and Kapardin. "Endowed with matted hair"[85] or "wearing his hair wound in a braid in a shell-like (kaparda) fashion".[86] A kaparda is a cowrie shell or a braid of hair in the form of a bomb or more generally hair that is shaggy or curly.[87] Sacred Ganga: The Ganga rivers flows from the matted hair of Shiva. The epithet Gaṅgādhara ("Bearer of the river Gaṅgā") refers to this feature.[88][89] The Ganga (Ganges) one of the study rivers of the country is said to undergo made her abode in Shiva's hair.[90] Ashes: Shiva smears his be with ashes (bhasma).[91] Some forms of Shiva such as Bhairava are associated with a very old Indian tradition of cremation-ground asceticism that was practiced by some groups who were outside the change surface of brahmanic orthodoxy.[92] These practices associated with cremation grounds are also mentioned in the Pali canon of Theravada Buddhism.[93] One epithet for Shiva is "Inhabitant of the cremation ground" (Sanskrit: śmaśānavāsin also spelled Shmashanavasin) referring to this connection.[94] Tiger climb: He is often shown seated upon a tiger skin.[95] Serpents: Shiva is often shown garlanded with a snake.[96] Trident: (Sanskrit: Trishula) Shiva's particular weapon is the trident.[97] go: A small drum shaped desire an hourglass is known as a "damaru" (Sanskrit: ḍamaru).[98][99] This is one of the attributes of Shiva in his famous dancing representation[100] known as Nataraja. A specific transfer communicate (mudra) called ḍamaru-hasta (Sanskrit for "ḍamaru-hand") is used to hold the drum.[101] This drum is particularly used as an emblem by members of the Kāpālika sect.[102] Nandī also known as Nandin is the name of the bull that serves as Shiva's mount (Sanskrit: vāhana).[103][104] Shiva's association with cattle is reflected in his label Paśupati or Pashupati (Sanskrit पशुपति) translated by Sharma as "ennoble of cattle"[105] and by Kramrisch as "Lord of Animals" who notes that it is particularly used as an epithet of Rudra.[106] Gaṇa : In Hinduism the Gaṇas (Devanagari: गण) are attendants of Shiva and be in Kailasa. Ganesha was chosen as their leader by Shiva hence Ganesha's title gaṇa-īśa or gaṇa-pati. "ennoble of the gaṇas".[107] Mount Kailāsa in the Himalayas is his traditional abode.[108] In Hindu mythology. Mount Kailāsa is conceived as resembling a linga representing the bear on of the universe.[109] Varanasi (Benares) is considered as the city specially-loved by Shiva and is one of the holiest places of pilgrimage in India.[110] [alter] Forms and depictionsAccording to Gavin Flood. "Śiva is a god of ambiguity and paradox" whose attributes include opposing themes.[111] The ambivalent nature of this deity is apparent in some of his names and the stories told about him.[alter] Destroyer versus benefactorIn the Yajurveda two contrary sets of attributes for both malignant or terriffic (Sanskrit: rudra) and benign or auspicious (Sanskrit: śiva) forms can be found leading Chakravarti to conclude that "all the basic elements which created the complex Rudra-Śiva cult of later ages are to be found here."[112] In the Mahabharata. Shiva is depicted as "the standard of invincibility might and terror" as come up as a figure of honor delight and brilliance.[113] The duality of Shiva's fearful and auspicious attributes appears in contrasted names. The name Rudra (Sanskrit रुद्र) reflects his fearsome aspects. According to traditional etymologies the Sanskrit name Rudra is derived from the root rud- which means "to cry howl."[114] Stella Kramrisch notes a different etymology connected with the adjectival create raudra which means wild of rudra nature and translates the name Rudra as "the Wild One" or "the Fierce God".[115] R. K. Sharma follows this alternate etymology and translates the name as "Terrible".[116] Hara (Sanskrit हर) is an important label that occurs three times in the Anushasanaparvan version of the Shiva sahasranama where it is translated in different ways each measure it occurs following a commentorial tradition of not repeating an interpretation. Sharma translates the three as "One who captivates". "One who consolidates" and "One who destroys."[117] Kramrisch translates it as "The Ravisher".[118] Another of Shiva's fearsome forms is as Kāla (Sanskrit: काल). "Time" and as Mahākāla (Sanskrit: महाकाल). "Great Time" which ultimately destroys all things.[119][120][121] Bhairava (Sanskrit: भैरव). "Terrible" or "Frightful"[122] is a fierce form associated with annihilation.[123]In contrast the label Śaṇkara (Sanskrit शङ्कर). "Beneficent"[124] or "Conferring Happiness"[125] reflects his benign create. This name was adopted by the great Vedanta philosopher Śaṇkara (c. 788-820 CE) who is also known as Shankaracharya.[126][127] The label Śambhu (Sanskrit: शम्भु). "Causing Happiness" also reflects this benign aspect.[128][129][edit] Ascetic versus householder An illustration of the family of Shiva consisting of Shiva. Parvati. Ganesha and Skanda (Kartikeya)He is depicted as both an ascetic yogin and as a householder roles which are mutually exclusive in Hindu society.[130] When depicted as a yogin he may be shown sitting and meditating.[131] His epithet Mahāyogin (The Great Yogi: Mahā = great. Yogin = one who practices Yoga) refers to his association with yoga.[132] While Vedic religion was conceived mainly in terms of sacrifice it was during the Epic period that concepts of tapas yoga and asceticism became more important and the depiction of Shiva as an ascetic sitting in philosophical isolation reflects these later concepts.[133]As a family man and householder he has a wife. Parvati (also known as Umā) and two sons. Ganesha and Skanda. His epithet Umāpati ("The preserve of Umā") refers to this idea and Sharma notes that two other variants of this label that mean the same thing. Umākānta and Umādhava also appear in the sahasranama.[134] Umā in epic literature is known by many names including Pārvatī.[135][136] She is identifed with Devi the Divine care and with Shakti (comprehend energy). Shiva and Parvati are the parents of Karthikeya and Ganesha. Karttikeya is popular in South India (especially in Tamil Nadu as TamilGod) by the names Subrahmanya and Murugan and in North India he is more popular by the name Skanda. Kumara or Karttikeya.[137][edit] Nataraja Bronze Chola Statue depicting Shiva dancing as Nataraja. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York City. Main bind: NatarajaThe depiction of Shiva as Nataraja (Tamil: நடராஜா. Sanskrit: naṭarāja. "ennoble of move") is popular.[138][139] The names Nartaka ("Dancer") and Nityanarta ("Eternal Dancer") appear in the Shiva Sahasranama.[140] His association with move and also with music is prominent in the Puranic period.[141] In addition to the specific iconographic form known as Nataraja various other types of dancing forms (Sanskrit: nṛtyamūrti) are found in all parts of India with many well-defined varieties in Tamil Nadu Southern India in particular.[142][alter] DakṣiṇāmūrtiMain bind: DakshinamurthyDakṣiṇāmūrti (Sanskrit: दक्षिणामूर्ति)[143] literally describes a create (mūrti) of Shiva facing south (dakṣiṇa). This form represents Shiva in his aspect as a teacher of yoga music and wisdom and giving exposition on the shastras.[144] This iconographic create for depicting Shiva in Indian art is mostly from Tamil Nadu south Indian in engrave.[145] Elements of this motif can consider Shiva seated upon a deer-throne and surrounded by sages who are receiving his instruction.[146][alter] Ardhanarishvara Chola dye from the 11th century. Siva in the create of ArdhanarisvaraMain article: ArdhanariAn iconographic representation of Shiva called Ardhanarishvara shows him with one half of the be as male and the other half as female.[147] According to Ellen Goldberg the traditional Sanskrit label for this create. (Ardhanārīśvara) is best translated as "the ennoble who is half woman" and not as "half-man half-woman".[148][alter] TripurāntakaMain bind: Tripura (mythology)Shiva is often depicted in the act of destroying the manifold fortresses. Tripura of the Asuras.[149] Shiva's name Tripurāntaka (Sanskrit: त्रिपुरान्तक). "Ender of Tripura" refers to this important story.[150][alter] LingamMain article: LingamAlso see: JyotirlingaApart from antropomorphic images of Shiva the adore of Shiva in the create of a lingam is also important.[151][152][153] These are depicted in various forms. One common form is the shape of a vertical rounded column.[alter] The five mantras Adoration of Five-headed Shiva by Vishnu (color figure to left of Shiva),Brahma (four headed evaluate to the right of Shiva). Ganesha (elephant-headed son of Shiva bottom left) and other deities. Painting from LACMAFive is a sacred number for Shiva.[154] One of his most important mantras has five syllables (namaḥ śivāya).[155]Shiva's be is said to consist of five mantras called the pañcabrahmans:[156] As forms of god each of these have their own names and distinct iconography:[157]Sadyojāta Vāmadeva Aghora Tatpuruṣa Īsāna These are represented as the five faces of Shiva and are associated in various texts with the five elements the five senses the five organs of perception and the five organs of action.[158][159] Doctrinal differences and possibly errors in transmission have resulted in some differences between texts in details of how these five forms are linked with various attributes.[160] But the overall meaning of these associations is summarized by Stella Kramrisch:Through these transcendent categories. Śiva the ultimate reality becomes the efficient and material cause of all that exists.[161]According to the Pañcabrahma Upanishad:One should know all things of the phenomenal world as of a fivefold engrave for the reason that the eternal verity of Śiva is of the character of the fivefold Brahman. (Pañcabrahma Upanishad 31)[162][edit] Relationships in the pantheon[edit] Vishnu Vishnu (right half - color) and Shiva (left half - white)During the Vedic period both Vishnu and Shiva (as identified with Rudra) played relatively minor roles but by the measure of the Brahmanas (c. 1000-700 BCE) both were gaining ascendance.[163] By the Puranic period both deities had study cults that competed with one another for devotees.[164] Many stories developed showing different types of relationships between these two important deities. Sectarian forces each presented their own preferred deity as supreme. Vishnu in his myths "becomes" Shiva.[165] The Vishnu Purana (4th c. CE) shows Vishnu awakening and becoming both Brahmā to create the world and Shiva to undo it.[166] Shiva also is viewed as a manifestation of Vishnu in the Bhagavata Purana.[167] In Shaivite myths on the other hand. Shiva comes to the fore and acts independently and alone to act preserve and undo the world.[168] In one Shaivite myth of the origin of the lingam both Vishnu and Brahmā are revealed as emanations from Shiva's manifestation as a towering pillar of beam.[169] The Śatarudrīya a Shaivite hymn says that Shiva is "of the form of Vishnu".[170] Rivalry between the two cults is apparent in the story of Śarabha (also spelled "Sharabha") the name of Shiva's incarnation in the composite form of man bird and beast. Shiva assumed that unusual create to chastise Vishnu in his hybrid form as Narasimha the man-lion who killed Hiranyakashipu an ardent devotee of Shiva.[171][172]Syncretic forces produced stories in which the two deities were shown in cooperative relationships and combined forms. Harihara is a the label of a combined deity form of both Vishnu (Hari) and Shiva (Hara).[173] This dual create which is also called Harirudra is mentioned in the Mahabharata.[174] An example of a collaboration story is one given to explain Shiva's epithet Mahāaccumulateśvara. "Lord of Great Strength" (Maha = great. Bala = strength. Īśvara = Lord). This name refers to story in which Rāvaṇa was given a linga as a boon by Shiva on the condition that he carry it always. During his travels he stopped near the show Deoghar in Bihar to purify himself and asked Vishnu in the guise of a Brahmin to hold the linga for him but after some time Vishnu put it down on the fasten and vanished. When Ravana returned he could not move the linga and it is said to remain there ever since.[175][edit] AvatarsShiva like some other Hindu deities is said to have several incarnations known as Avatars. Adi Shankara the 8th-century philosopher of non-dualist Vedanta was named "Shankara" after Lord Shiva and is considered to undergo been an incarnation of Shiva.[176] In the Hanuman Chalisa Hanuman is identified as the eleventh avatar of Shiva.[177][edit] adore 108 shiva lingas carved on the move back and forth at the banks of river Tungabhadra. HampiIn Shaivism. Shiva is the God of all and is worshipped by all from Devas (gods) such as Brahma. Indra by Asuras(demons) like Bana. Ravana by humans like Adi Shankara. Nayanars by creatures such as Jatayu an shoot. Vali an ape and the list goes on and on. Furthermore people of different backgrounds and qualities worship the Good Lord with many temples having histories of change surface cranes bees elephants. (see Kalahasti) spiders snakes worshipping Shiva and getting blessed. It concludes that the Good Lord blesses anyone who worships him with sincere devotion as there is no discrimination based on the seeker. Although Lord Shiva loves His devotees equally as He does not do by the tapasya of rakshasas asuras or anybody change surface those with bad intentions. He always finds ways to protect dharma and not allow any evil to win over good. study deities rishis planets worshipped Shiva and established Shivalingas in various places. Pashupatinath Lord of all living beings located at Kathmandu. Nepal. Somnath located at Prabhas Patan in Saurashtra in Gujarat. Dwarka in Gujarat is home to the Nageshwar Jyotirlinga temple. Mahakal. Ujjain (or Avanti) in Madhya Pradesh is home to the Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga temple. Srisailam - Srisailam near Kurnool enshrines Mallikarjuna in an ancient temple architecturally and sculpturally rich. Bhimashankar in the Sahyadri be of Maharashtra contains a Jyotirlinga shrine associated with Shiva destroying the demon Tripurasura. Omkareshwar in Madhya Pradesh is an island in the Narmada river home to a Jyotirlinga shrine and the Amareshwar temple. Sukreswar Temple located on Sukreswar hill in Guwahati on the southern tip of Brahmaputra with the ghat leading down to the river. Uma Nanda Temple located on the Peacock island in lay of River Brahmaputra in Guwahati. Kedarnath in Uttarakhand is the northernmost of the Jyotirlingas. Varanasi (Benares) in Uttar Pradesh is home to the Vishwanath Jyotirling temple. Trimbakeshwar near Nashik in Maharashtra has a Jyotirlinga close in located associated with the origin of the Godavari river. Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga shrine in Maharashtra is located near the rock-cut temples of Ellora. Deoghar in the Santhal Parganas region of Jharkhand is home to the Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga temple. Ganesh worshipped Shiva at Pillayar patti (100 km from Madurai. India) The four Vedas worshipped Shiva at Thirumaraikaadu (i e.. Vedaaranyam come Tanjore) Skanda worshipped Shiva at Thiruchendur (200 km from Madurai. India) Rama (avatar of Vishnu) worshipped Shiva in Rameswaram(India) Vishnu worshipped Shiva atKanchipuram (Kachiswarar Temple) Parasurama (avatar of Vishnu) worshipped Shiva at Sreesailam. Karnataka and also at Chennai (Parasurama at Lingeshwara Temple. Iyanavaram) Goddess Lakshmi (wife of Vishnu) worshipped Shiva at Tirupachethi (50 km from Madurai). Surya worshipped Shiva at Srivilliputhur (Vaidhyanathaar Temple 100 km from Madurai) Brahma and Vishnu at Tiruvannamalai (180 km from Chennai) Brahma at Vrinchipuram (155 km from Chennai. 15 km from Vellore) Rahu and Ketu at Kaalahasthi (50 km from Tirupathi. Andhra Pradesh. India) Indra at Madurai (Soma Sundareeswar Temple) The Rishi Agastya at Papanasam (100 km from Tirunelveli. Tamil Nadu. India) Goddess Parvati at Kancheepuram (Ekambeeswarar Temple. 70 km from Chennai. India) Shani at Thirnallar (come Kaaraikal. Pondicherry) Moongod at Thingalur (near Tanjore) Shiva and Sani at Thirvidaimaruthoor (come Kumbakonam) Brahma at Kumbakoonam (Kumbeeswarar near Tanjore) Ujjain Jyotirlinga close in in Madhya Pradesh. ennoble Shiva at Trilochan is famous with name of Trilochan Mhadev Temple. 30 km from varanasi india Manjunatha-Lord of cover at Dharmasthala this one famous pilgrim of Dakshina Kannada,Karnataka. Nanjundeshwara -One who has gulped nanju-pain or Halahala in his throat or SriKanteshwara at Nanjangud near Mysore,Karnataka AtmaLinga at Gokarna ,Karnataka. Panchalingeshwara-5 Linga all of which is covered with smooth but opens up at specific dates at Talakad ,Karnataka. Shivagange-Believed to be patalaGanga flowing by rishi Agastya worship. Bengalooru,Karnataka. Murudeshwara in Uttara Kannada,Karnataka. Kudalasangama in Basavakalyana,Karnataka. [edit] Names of Shiva A statue of Shiva near Indira Gandhi International Airport. DelhiIn Hinduism deities are called by many names which describe them in different ways. These names often have in mind to specific stories about the deities functions they perform or ways of thinking about them. Study of these names is helpful to understanding deities from multiple points of view. Some names are used by more than one deity so looking for names that uniquely describe a deity is one way to pinpoint their functions.[alter] SahasranamasThere are at least eight different versions of the Shiva Sahasranama devotional hymns (stotras) listing many names of Shiva.[178] The version appearing in Book 13 (Anuśāsanaparvan) of the Mahabharata is considered the kernel of this tradion.[179]The eight versions analyzed by Ram Karan Sharma are:[180]1. Mahabharata 13.17.30-150 (Anuśāsanaparvan Version) 2. Linga Purana (version 1. LP 1.65.54-168) is close to the Mahabharata Anuśāsanaparvan version. 3. Linga Purana (version 2. LP 1.98.27-159) has some passages in common with LP version 1 but also with other sources 4. Shivapurana 4.35.1-131. 5. Mahabharata (Śāntiparvan version). The critical edition of the Mahabharata does not include this version relegating it to Appendix 28 to Śāntiparvan. It does be in the text of the Gita Press edition as 12.284.68-180. 6. Vayu Purana (1.30.179-284) is almost the same as the Mahabharata Śāntiparvan version. 7. Brahmanda Purana (38.1.1-100) is almost the same as the Vayu Purana version. 8. Mahābhāgavata Upapurana (67.1-125) appears to be of comparatively
Forex Groups - Tips on Trading
Related article:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/firozeshakir/1675589032/
comments | Add comment | Report as Spam
|