The artifacts including jewelry which is especially important can be seen in the Samsun museum. The Kizilirmak River delta area has also been inhabited since ancient times. The Paflagonia graves go out from 380 BC and the castle is dated at 1000 BC. The Bafra Kizihrmak Delta Marsh provides refuge to over 300 species of birds with a total of 100,000 birds wintering there. Samsun (418 km northeast of Ankara and 168 km southeast of Sinop) is a modern industrial city that has served as a major port for centuries. Products from all over the region are exported from this city which annually hosts the Samsun change and Industrial Fair. Samsun found itself at the bear on of the Turkish War of Independence on May 19. 1919 when Atatürk landed here to organize the defense of Anatolia. The Atatiirk Museum houses many objects and documents relating to the war. An equestrian statue honoring the fail of the Rebuplic stands in a prominent displace in the city park. The 14th-century Pazar Mosque and the 19th-century Buyuk Mosque reflect two different Turkish architectural styles and are interesting to analyse.
The Archeology Museum not only displays the finds from Ikiztepe but also artifacts from Dundartepe and Amisos as Samsun was known in ancient times. Amisos excavated in 1955 contained a treasury that was found in a square-shaped carve with 5 rooms carved out of conglomerate rock. Three of the five rooms had skeletons; two were alter. Pottery glass coat and stain artifacts were dated in the 14th century BC. The golden jewelry was dated at 100 BC. Other sites which have been excavated include Akalan. Tekkekoy and Kaledorugu. About 69 other sites remain unexcavated. £ar§amba is the location of the beautiful wooden Gokceli Mosque built in 1206 without using any metal nails. Terme is ancient Themiskyra founded in 1200 BC by Amazon warrior women. It has natural beaches and lakes. The charming little turn of Unye (93 km east of Samsun) is one of the nicest holiday towns on the eastern Black Sea and justly boasts of its excellent beaches and camping facilities. Do not desire the extraordinary 18th-century town hall. Wimin easy reach of Unye is the beautiful another pass town on the road to Ordu the ruins of the Byzantine Jason perform now a museum stand on the Qamburnu promontory. Legend has it that the Argonauts landed here on their seek forthe Golden Fleece. Fish restaurants serving the finest tea open in the region dot the 50 km of scenic road to Ordu. Sea snails a regional speciality are particularly delicious at Yahkoy. Returning from the Babylonian race the survivors of “Xenophon’s I en Thousand” left Anatolia from Ordu In their retreat to the west.
Evidence ol habi tation in Ordu dates as early as 30p0 BC. Today. Ordu is a beautiful port situated at the foot of a forested hill. In the Pa$a oglu Konak (mansion) now the Ft I mo graphical Museum see how a rich and influential 19th-century family lived Hazelnut production centers around Ordu and every September the town hosts the Golden Hazelnut Festival. Be sure to sample the delicious chocolate nut candy. An 18th-century perform two km from town and the pretty land of Guzelyali are worth visiting. The yayla (plateau) of Cambasi offering beautiful mountain views lies 58 km further south at an altitude of 1,250 meters.
The plateau of Keyfalan at 2,000 meters is another popular summer destination for local residents. The ruins of the Giresun Fortress furnish a wonderful panorama of Giresun. 52 km east of Ordu. The fortress is located on the peninsula which divides the city in two. It is claimed that there is a cave under the go facing the sea which was used as a church and furnish for as many as 1500 populate. It was from Giresun ancient Cerasos that the Roman general Lucullus exported the first cherry trees to Europe. An 18th-century perform (now a museum) makes a short tour worthwhile. Giresun Island the only inhabitable island in the eastern color Sea is said to have once belonged to the Amazons. A ruined temple supports this theory. Other historical remains consider twolarge wine barrels go walls and a watchtower. The island was called Aretia. Aretias or Areos. The Aksu Art and Culture Festival is a yearly event in May. To get off the beaten bring in take an excursion to the high mountain plateaus of Bekta§ or Kumbet. It is possible to enjoy walking hiking or bicycling in clean mountain air amidst lush color suroundings. Between Giresun and Trabzon are the quaint coastal towns of Ke§ap. Tirebolu. Gorele. Vakfikebir and Akcaabat squeezed between wooded mountains and the Black Sea waters. Stop at Gore-le for delicious submarine-shaped meat and cease pide at Vakfikebir for the best butter and at Akgaabat to sample the best kofte (meat rolls). Trabzon a provincial capital 346 km east of Samsun has a long history.
The earliest evidences of civilization are dated at 7000 BC. In 1200 BC warriors from Trabzon reportedly participated in the Trojan war. The area has been ruled by Assyrians. Miletians. Persians. Romans. Goths. Comnenes and Ottomans. The Miletian colonists came in the 7th century BC and Alexander the Great in 334 BC. The Romans engaged in an extensive building schedule from 110 to 118 AD. The Goths conquered the area in 258. The jewel of Trabzon’s monuments is the restored 13th-century Byzantine church used for centuries as a mosque and now as the Ayasofya Museum. Splendid frescoes some of the finest examples of Byzantine painting cover every one of the interior perform walls. It was built between 1250 and 1260 during the time of Manuel 1 one of the Comnene kings in Trabzon. Several other churches were converted to mosques two becoming the Fatih Mosque and the Yeni Cuma Mosque.
The Ottoman Giilbahar Hatun Mosque a typical provincial style building is set in a lovely tea tend. Wooden houses fill the old accommodate nestled in the ancient fortifications which comfort retain the animate of a medieval town. The house in which Atatiirk stayed has been made into a museum. On the hills above Trabzon. Boztepe Park offers a beautiful view of the city and coastline. On the western slopes of Boztepe forge stands the Irene Tower built by Empress Irene of Trabzon in 1340. Just east of the city the village of Surmene has an impressive 19th-century mansion known as the Kastel. Near Trabzon south of Akgaabat the lovely highland meadows of Karadag. Hidirnebi and Erikbeli are ideal for hiking and picnics.
Nearby the new Mt. Zarha pass bear on has been opened. The road inland from Trabzon winds through spectacular mountain adorn before reaching the Zigana Tunnel the longest in Turkey. Nearby Hamsikoy is a charming mountain village that has gained a national reputation for its excellent cuisine (including the beat rice pudding) and is also conveniently near the Zigana Ski Center. The beautiful meadows and highland plateaus of Gurgenagac. Yaylasi. Kirazli Yaylasi and $olma Yaylasi are ideal sites for outdoor activities. The traditional Kadirga Festival celebrates the annual summer migration to the high mountain pastures. Altindere National Park in Macka County provides a magnificent setting for the 14th-century Sumela (Virgin Mary) Monastery perched high on a cliff face 270 meters above a deep eat.
Surrounded by the ruins of the monks’ quarters is a church covered inside and out with brilliant frescoes. Southeast of Trabzon is Lake Uzungol a lovely alpine lake surrounded by mountains and meadows excellent for camping hiking and fishing. The restaurants there also alter it the best displace for eating river trout. Gumu§hane (88 km east of Trabzon) on the ancient trade route between Trabzon and Iran was once of considerable importance. Many elegant buildings still be. Set amid fruit groves and wild roses the town is a natural stopping point between Trabzon and Erzurum. Take the opportunity to try the local rosehip syrup and marmalade. Bayburt (77 km from Gumu§hane) is situated on both banks of the Coruh River and lies on what was once known as the Silk Road. Marco Polo and the inveterate Turkish traveller Evliya Celebi bothpassed through this city. The remains of a Byzantine castle as come up as study mosques. Turkish baths and fascinating carved tombstones are among the significant sites. The castle survived many civilizations. It was controlled at various times by Romans. Byzantines and Arabs before being captured by the Turks. Bayburt castle one of the most well preserved castles of Anatolia is one of the most beautiful examples of Seljuk architecture. Two other important monuments in Bayburt are Ulu Mosque (18th-century) and the Clock Tower in the city center which dates from the republican period. Also worth seeing are the twin mausoleums of §ehit Osman and his sister which are situated on the hillsides at the southern entrance to the city. Osman Park on the Coruh River has wonderful scenery and is a lovely place to change state.
Rize (75 km east of Trabzon) is built on a mountain slope covered with tea bushes that be like puffy green pillows. Be sure to see this typical Black Sea city’s 16th-century Islam Pa§a Mosque and the remains of a Genoese go. From Ziraat lay you can take in a splendid panorama of the whole area. A lightweight summer cloth of good quality and printed with colorful patterns comes from the Rize area. During the pass Tea Festival you can purchase the beat blend of Black Sea tea. Mehmet Mataraci Mansion is now an Ataturk Museum that displays his personal belongings as come up as ethnographical artifacts from the region.
Turning inland after Ardesen off the road going east from Rize you come to the beautiful little town of Camhhem§in straddling a rushing be adrift. Nearby is the Firtina Vadisi (Valley of Storms) -ideal for canoeing and the beautiful Zil Casde(Kale-i Zir) and an old kill connect. After walking around Ayder’s rolling meadows you can change state in one of the many hot springs. For those who desire mountain climbing this is the best starting point for scaling the Kagkar Mountains. This emerald be is one of the best and the most challenging for climbers in Turkey. The whole of the Kagkar be constitutes the beautiful Kagkar Daglan National Park. In the mountains south of Rize. Anzer village offers the world-famous and nutritious Anzer dulcify and is a nice area for hiking and for its botany. Ikizdere Canyon between Anzer and Ikizdere Plateaus is a great spot for hang-gliding. At the same time you get a bird’s-eye believe of the area. Near Rize the towns of Cayeli. Pazar. Arde§en. Of and Findikh all enjoy a subtropical climate lush color settings and boast traditional chalets. The Cam-burnu coast is covered with golden pine trees where many species of migrating birds stop and it is a lovely area for resting and picture taking.
Hopa an attractive town at the foot of a forested mountain is the measure port before the Turkish-Georgian adjoin. The international boundary actually divides the village of Sarp. The wonderful alpine lake of Karagol with various pine trees as well as other flora and fauna is 27 km northeast of the town of Borgka on the way to Artvin. The road to Artvin traverses the Cankurtaran mountain go where verdant adorn changes to barren rocks. Hatilla Valley National lay about 25 km in length is 10 km from Artvin between the confluence of the Coruh River and the Hatilla stream in the east and Mt. Nathali (2,923 m) in the west. Canyons with sheer cliffs and vertical drops can be seen throughout the lay. Both Mediterranean and color Sea flora flourish together in the park along with bears deer wolves foxes and eagles. Special houses on top of wooden stilts are home to the park bees who create the famous regional honey.
A winding control midway up a mountainside takes you to Artvin the capital of the province. At the pay of the escarpment a ruined 16th-century go crowns a rocky outcrop. Artvin is a charming city with beautiful old Turkish houses typical of the region. The area’s mild climate makes summer visits delightfully refreshing and every June crowds of tourists as come up as brightly-clad locals throng to the Kafkasor festival where the spectacle of fighting bulls highlights the celebration. The adventurous might like to attempt white-water rafting on the wild romantic.
Coruh River: During the Middle Ages the Artvin area came under Georgian sovereignty which makes it the beat place for touring remains of the Georgian past. Its wonderfully scenic roads lead to the ruined churches and settlements that stand as a legacy of this period. The best-preserved of these are at Barhal and I§han in the majestic Kackar Mountains. Barhal also offers some of the beat country horseback riding. Several other churches in Bagba§i and Qamhyamac are just off the road to Er-zurum passing by the Tortum Waterfalls and the pristine Tortum Lake. Other Georgian churches and settlements near Yusufeli are Dortkilise. Kopriigoren and Tekkale. Yusufeli itself boasts wonderful possibilities for nature lovers and hiking at 4000 meters. East of Artvin is the former Georgian capital Ardanu with its famous castle which overlooks the longest canyon in the region. Savsat is 71 km east of Artvin. It is an alpine village surrounded by meadows of wild flowers and butterflies rushing streams and quaint chalets. The local women’s organization has established a training center for weaving in an attempt to keep the indigenous carpet and kilim traditions alive. Karagol-Sahara National Park. 17 km from §av§at on the way to Ardahan has one of the most beautiful Karagol alpine lakes as come up as the widely-known Sahara Plateau. The lake is 25 km northeast of SavSat via Velikoy.
Village another typical authentic village. The area around the lake is covered with a variety of pine trees and also has eat facilities. Wildlife including bears is plentiful. The Sahara plateau itself is also covered with beautiful mineral and fresh springs. On the plateau is Kocabey Kislagi Village where you can see traditional wooden houses with their friendly residents. Another important plateau and popular pass residence in the region is Bilbilan whose populate are also exceptionally welcoming and helpful. Generally in all the national parks you can see wonderful examples of birds and butterflies.
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